![]() What has really changed is the understanding of just how reliant Western society is on undersea cable networks for the essentials of everyday life. There are numerous threats below the sea’s surface, including the more obvious, like Russia’s advanced submarines, which while not as good as the US Virginia or the UK’s Astute class, are still very good indeed. If anything, the stakes have now increased. Just like in the Cold War, the stakes are high.” “It is a struggle between Russian forces that probe for weakness, and US and NATO anti-submarine warfare (ASW) forces that protect and deter. ![]() “This is not a kinetic fight,” we wrote in 2016. This was no accident - rather it was deliberate sabotage - as stated by Swedish investigators and the European Union (EU.) To date, no state or non-state actor has taken credit for the act, although widespread speculation blames the Russian Federation for the explosions. Any doubts about this were surely removed by September’s unattributed attack on the Nord Stream 2 pipeline in the Baltic Sea by some nefarious adversary. A battle for the undersea domain between North America and the European continent was already underway in 2016, my colleague, Dr.
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